test: day-night simulation

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -61,6 +61,14 @@
         "typeindex": "cpp",
         "ranges": "cpp",
         "list": "cpp",
-        "unordered_set": "cpp"
+        "unordered_set": "cpp",
+        "bitset": "cpp",
+        "condition_variable": "cpp",
+        "map": "cpp",
+        "set": "cpp",
+        "regex": "cpp",
+        "semaphore": "cpp",
+        "shared_mutex": "cpp",
+        "stop_token": "cpp"
     }
 }

assets/grass_block/grass_block.mtl

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Blender 4.3.2 MTL File: 'untitled.blend'
+# Blender 4.3.2 MTL File: 'None'
 # www.blender.org
 
 newmtl Grass_Bottom

assets/grass_block/grass_block.obj

@@ -2,25 +2,25 @@
 # www.blender.org
 mtllib grass_block.mtl
 o Cube
-v -1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
-v -1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
-v -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
-v -1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
-v 1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
-v 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
-v 1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
-v 1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
+v -0.389000 -0.389000 0.389000
+v -0.389000 0.389000 0.389000
+v -0.389000 -0.389000 -0.389000
+v -0.389000 0.389000 -0.389000
+v 0.389000 -0.389000 0.389000
+v 0.389000 0.389000 0.389000
+v 0.389000 -0.389000 -0.389000
+v 0.389000 0.389000 -0.389000
 vn -1.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000
 vn -0.0000 -0.0000 -1.0000
 vn 1.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000
 vn -0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000
-vn -0.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000
 vn -0.0000 1.0000 -0.0000
+vn -0.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000
 vt 0.000000 1.000000
 vt 1.000000 0.000000
 vt 0.000000 0.000000
 vt 1.000000 1.000000
-s 0
+s 1
 usemtl Grass_Side
 f 2/1/1 3/2/1 1/3/1
 f 4/1/2 7/2/2 3/3/2
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ f 4/1/2 8/4/2 7/2/2
 f 8/4/3 6/1/3 5/3/3
 f 6/4/4 2/1/4 1/3/4
 usemtl Grass_Top
-f 4/1/6 6/2/6 8/4/6
-f 4/1/6 2/3/6 6/2/6
+f 4/1/5 6/2/5 8/4/5
+f 4/1/5 2/3/5 6/2/5
 usemtl Grass_Bottom
-f 7/4/5 1/3/5 3/1/5
-f 7/4/5 5/2/5 1/3/5
+f 7/4/6 1/3/6 3/1/6
+f 7/4/6 5/2/6 1/3/6

include/components/light.h

@@ -2,10 +2,25 @@
 #define COMPONENTS_LIGHT_H_
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include "renderer/renderer.h"
 
 struct light {
+    friend class Renderer;
+public:
+    enum LightType {
+        DIRECTIONAL = 0,
+    };
+    LightType type;
     glm::vec3 color;
     float intensity;
+
+    light(LightType t, const glm::vec3& c, float i)
+        : type(t), color(c), intensity(i),
+          shadowMap(0), fbo(0), lightSpace(1.0f) {}
+private:
+    unsigned int shadowMap;
+    unsigned int fbo;
+    glm::mat4 lightSpace;
 };
 
 #endif // COMPONENTS_LIGHT_H_

include/renderer/renderer.h

@@ -16,18 +16,15 @@ public:
 
     void OnWindowResized(int w, int h);
 private:
-    void ApplyLights(entt::registry& registry);
-    void UpdateView(entt::registry& registry);
-    void RenderScene(entt::registry& registry);
-
-    void SwitchShader(Shader* newShader);
+    void ApplyLights(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader);
+    void UpdateView(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader);
+    void RenderScene(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader);
 private:
     Shader m_shader;
     Shader m_depthShader;
 
-    Shader* m_currentShader;
-    unsigned int m_depth_fbo;
-    unsigned int m_depthMap;
+    // unsigned int m_depth_fbo;
+    // unsigned int m_depthMap;
 
     glm::mat4 m_model;
     glm::mat4 m_proj;

out.txt

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-GL_VENDOR:   NVIDIA Corporation
-GL_RENDERER: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Ti Laptop GPU/PCIe/SSE2
-GL_VERSION:  4.6.0 NVIDIA 550.163.01
-Object name: Sphere
-Vertices count: 482
-Normals count: 530
-TexCoords count: 559
-Meshes count: 2
-Materials count: 2
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 3 (bound to GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (0), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (1), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (2), and GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 4 (bound to GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-Object name: Cube
-Vertices count: 8
-Normals count: 6
-TexCoords count: 14
-Meshes count: 1
-Materials count: 1
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 5 (bound to GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (0), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (1), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (2), and GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 6 (bound to GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-Object name: Plane
-Vertices count: 4
-Normals count: 1
-TexCoords count: 4
-Meshes count: 1
-Materials count: 1
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 7 (bound to GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (0), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (1), GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING_ARB (2), and GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33361, severity = 0x33387, message = Buffer detailed info: Buffer object 8 (bound to GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_ARB, usage hint is GL_STATIC_DRAW) will use VIDEO memory as the source for buffer object operations.
-Game initialized
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK: ** GL ERROR ** type = 0x33356, severity = 0x37190, message = GL_INVALID_OPERATION error generated. <location> is invalid.
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33360, severity = 0x37191, message = Program/shader state performance warning: Vertex shader in program 6 is being recompiled based on GL state.
-GL CALLBACK:  type = 0x33360, severity = 0x37191, message = Program/shader state performance warning: Vertex shader in program 3 is being recompiled based on GL state.
-FPS: 160.359
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165.01
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 164.835
-FPS: 165.01
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165.174
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165.174
-FPS: 164.835
-FPS: 165.174
-FPS: 164.835
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165.01
-FPS: 165
-FPS: 165.174

src/main.cpp

@@ -28,15 +28,10 @@ class Game : public IApplication {
 public:
     Game() {
         Object* lightObj = Object::LoadFile("./assets/sphere.obj");
-        // const auto lightEntity = m_registry.create();
-        // m_registry.emplace<transform>(lightEntity, glm::vec3(-5.f, 5.f, 5.f), glm::vec3(0.f));
-        // m_registry.emplace<light>(lightEntity, glm::vec3(1.f, 0.f, 0.f), 1.f);
-        // m_registry.emplace<mesh>(lightEntity, std::unique_ptr<Object>(lightObj));
-
-        const auto lEntt2 = m_registry.create();
-        m_registry.emplace<transform>(lEntt2, glm::vec3(5.f, 5.f, 5.f), glm::vec3(0.f));
-        m_registry.emplace<light>(lEntt2, glm::vec3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f), 1.5f);
-        m_registry.emplace<mesh>(lEntt2, std::unique_ptr<Object>(lightObj));
+        const auto lght = m_registry.create();
+        m_registry.emplace<transform>(lght, glm::vec3(5.f, 5.f, 5.f), glm::vec3(0.f));
+        m_registry.emplace<light>(lght, light::LightType::DIRECTIONAL, glm::vec3(1.f, 1.f, 1.f), 1.5f);
+        m_registry.emplace<mesh>(lght, std::unique_ptr<Object>(lightObj));
 
         const auto cameraEntity = m_registry.create();
         m_registry.emplace<transform>(cameraEntity, glm::vec3(0.f, 2.f, 2.f));
@@ -44,9 +39,14 @@ public:
 
         Object* targetObj = Object::LoadFile("./assets/wizard/wizard.obj");
         const auto targetEntity = m_registry.create();
-        m_registry.emplace<transform>(targetEntity, glm::vec3(0.f, 0.5f, 0.f));
+        m_registry.emplace<transform>(targetEntity, glm::vec3(0.f, 0.0f, 0.f));
         m_registry.emplace<mesh>(targetEntity, std::unique_ptr<Object>(targetObj));
 
+        Object* cubeObj = Object::LoadFile("./assets/grass_block/grass_block.obj");
+        const auto cubeEntity = m_registry.create();
+        m_registry.emplace<transform>(cubeEntity, glm::vec3(-1.5f, 0.4f, 0.f));
+        m_registry.emplace<mesh>(cubeEntity, std::unique_ptr<Object>(cubeObj));
+
         Object* floorObj = Object::LoadFile("./assets/plane.obj");
         const auto floorEntt = m_registry.create();
         m_registry.emplace<transform>(floorEntt, glm::vec3(0.f));
@@ -131,6 +131,40 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
+        // ---- Day-night simulation ----
+        m_dayTime += deltaTime;
+        if (m_dayTime > m_dayLength)
+            m_dayTime -= m_dayLength; // loop every "day"
+
+        float dayProgress = m_dayTime / m_dayLength; // 0.0 -> 1.0
+        float sunAngle = dayProgress * glm::two_pi<float>(); // radians through the sky
+
+        // Compute sun direction (rotating around X axis)
+        // At t=0.0 sun at east horizon, at π/2 overhead, at π west horizon
+        glm::vec3 sunDir = glm::normalize(glm::vec3(0.0f, sin(sunAngle), cos(sunAngle)));
+
+        // Compute intensity: bright at noon, dim at dusk/dawn, dark at night
+        float intensity = glm::max(sin(sunAngle), (double)0.0f); // 0 at night, 1 at noon
+        intensity = glm::mix(0.05f, 1.5f, intensity);    // keep some ambient even at night
+
+        // Optional: tint color (warm at sunrise/sunset)
+        glm::vec3 dayColor   = glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.95f, 0.9f);
+        glm::vec3 sunsetColor= glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.6f, 0.3f);
+        float sunsetFactor = glm::clamp(1.0f - abs(sin(sunAngle)) * 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        glm::vec3 sunColor = glm::mix(dayColor, sunsetColor, sunsetFactor);
+
+        // Update the directional light in the registry
+        auto lightsView = m_registry.view<light, transform>();
+        for (auto [entity, l, t] : lightsView.each()) {
+            if (l.type == light::LightType::DIRECTIONAL) {
+                // "position" for directional light often stores direction vector
+                // If your system instead uses transform.rotation, adjust accordingly
+                t.position = sunDir * 15.f;       // use this as light direction
+                l.color = sunColor;
+                l.intensity = intensity;
+            }
+        }
+
         // auto rotateEntts = m_registry.view<transform, const mesh>();
         // for (auto [entity, transform, mesh] : rotateEntts.each()) {
         //     // auto targetTransform = rotateEntts.get<transform>(entity);
@@ -161,6 +195,9 @@ private:
     float m_angle;
     Uint64 m_lastTicks;
 
+    float m_dayTime = 0.0f;       // accumulates time for day-night cycle
+    float m_dayLength = 60.0f;    // seconds per full day cycle
+
     bool m_paused = false;
 
     float m_yaw   = -90.0f; // looking along -Z initially

src/renderer/engine.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ void Engine::Run(std::unique_ptr<IApplication> app) {
         s_window->ProcessEvents();
 
         s_app->OnUpdate();
-        
-        glClearColor(0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 1);
-        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
         s_app->OnRender();
 

src/renderer/renderer.cpp

@@ -38,16 +38,10 @@ Renderer::Renderer()
 
     m_model = glm::mat4(1.f);
 
-    SwitchShader(&m_shader);
-
+    m_shader.use();
     m_shader.setMat4("u_projection", m_proj);
 }
 
-void Renderer::SwitchShader(Shader *newShader) {
-    m_currentShader = newShader;
-    m_currentShader->use();
-}
-
 void Renderer::OnWindowResized(int w, int h) {
     m_proj = glm::perspective(
         static_cast<float>(M_PI_2),
@@ -59,24 +53,29 @@ void Renderer::OnWindowResized(int w, int h) {
     m_depthShader.setMat4("u_projection", m_proj);
 }
 
-void Renderer::ApplyLights(entt::registry& registry) {
+void Renderer::ApplyLights(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader) {
     auto lights = registry.view<light>();
     // TODO: Pass Lights Data to depth shader as well
-    m_shader.setInt("lightsCount", static_cast<int>(lights.size()));
+    shader.setInt("lightsCount", static_cast<int>(lights.size()));
     size_t lightIndex = 0;
     for (auto entity : lights) {
-        auto &comp = registry.get<light>(entity);
+        auto &l = registry.get<light>(entity);
         auto &transf = registry.get<transform>(entity);
-
-        m_shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].position", transf.position);
-        m_shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].color", comp.color);
-        m_shader.setFloat("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].intensity", comp.intensity);
+        
+        shader.setInt("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].type", static_cast<int>(l.type));
+        shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].position", transf.position);
+        shader.setVec3("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].color", l.color);
+        shader.setFloat("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].intensity", l.intensity);
+        shader.setMat4("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].lightSpace", l.lightSpace);
+        shader.setInt("lights[" + std::to_string(lightIndex) + "].shadowMap", 10 + lightIndex);
+        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE10 + lightIndex);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, l.shadowMap);
 
         ++lightIndex;
     }
 }
 
-void Renderer::UpdateView(entt::registry& registry) {
+void Renderer::UpdateView(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader) {
     auto cam = registry.view<transform, camera>().back();
     auto camTransform = registry.get<transform>(cam);
 
@@ -85,12 +84,12 @@ void Renderer::UpdateView(entt::registry& registry) {
         camTransform.position + camTransform.rotation,
         glm::vec3(0.f, 1.f, 0.f)
     );
-    m_shader.setMat4("u_view", m_view);
+    shader.setMat4("u_view", m_view);
 
-    m_shader.setVec3("viewPos", camTransform.position);
+    shader.setVec3("viewPos", camTransform.position);
 }
 
-void Renderer::RenderScene(entt::registry& registry) {
+void Renderer::RenderScene(entt::registry& registry, Shader &shader) {
     auto view = registry.view<transform, mesh>();
 
     for (auto [entity, transf, mesh] : view.each()) {
@@ -100,110 +99,99 @@ void Renderer::RenderScene(entt::registry& registry) {
         }
 
         if (registry.all_of<light>(entity)) {
-            auto &comp = registry.get<light>(entity);
-            m_currentShader->setBool("isLight", true);
-            m_currentShader->setVec3("currentLightColor", comp.color);
+            auto &l = registry.get<light>(entity);
+            shader.setBool("isLight", true);
+            shader.setVec3("currentLightColor", l.color);
         } else {
-            m_currentShader->setBool("isLight", false);
-            m_currentShader->setVec3("currentLightColor", glm::vec3(0.f));
+            shader.setBool("isLight", false);
+            shader.setVec3("currentLightColor", glm::vec3(0.f));
         }
 
         glm::mat4 rotation = glm::yawPitchRoll(transf.rotation.y, transf.rotation.x, transf.rotation.z);
         m_model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.f), transf.position) * rotation;
 
-        m_currentShader->setMat4("u_model", m_model);
+        shader.setMat4("u_model", m_model);
 
-        mesh.object->Render(*m_currentShader);
+        mesh.object->Render(shader);
     }
 }
 
 void Renderer::GenerateShadowMaps(entt::registry& registry) {
-    SwitchShader(&m_depthShader);
-
-    ApplyLights(registry);
-    UpdateView(registry);
-    
-    glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_depth_fbo);
-
     const unsigned int SHADOW_WIDTH = 1024, SHADOW_HEIGHT = 1024;
 
-    glGenTextures(1, &m_depthMap);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_depthMap);
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, 
-                SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, NULL);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+    m_depthShader.use();
 
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER); 
-    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
+    auto lights = registry.view<light>();
 
-    float borderColor[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
-    glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColor);
+    for (auto [lEntt, l] : lights.each()) {
+        // TODO: support other light types when ready
+        if (l.type != light::LightType::DIRECTIONAL) return;
 
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_depth_fbo);
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_depthMap, 0);
-    glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE);
-    glReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+        glGenFramebuffers(1, &l.fbo);
+        glGenTextures(1, &l.shadowMap);
+        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, l.shadowMap);
+        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24, 
+                    SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT, 0, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_FLOAT, NULL);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
 
-    m_shader.setInt("shadowMap", 31);
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER); 
+        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
+
+        float borderColor[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
+        glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColor);
+
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, l.fbo);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, l.shadowMap, 0);
+        glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE);
+        glReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+    }
 }
 
 void Renderer::Render(entt::registry& registry) {
     const unsigned int SHADOW_WIDTH = 1024, SHADOW_HEIGHT = 1024;
 
-    glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
-    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+    m_depthShader.use();
 
-    auto shadowLight = registry.view<light, transform>().back();
-    auto &comp = registry.get<transform>(shadowLight);
+    auto lights = registry.view<light, transform>();
 
-    float near_plane = 0.1f, far_plane = 50.0f; // pick bounds that cover your scene
-    glm::vec3 lightPos = comp.position;
-    glm::vec3 target   = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
-    glm::mat4 lightView = glm::lookAt(lightPos, target, glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    glm::mat4 lightProjection = glm::ortho(-6.0f, 6.0f, -6.0f, 6.0f, 1.0f, 20.0f);
-    glm::mat4 lightSpaceMatrix = lightProjection * lightView;
+    for (auto [lEntt, l, t] : lights.each()) {
+        // TODO: support other light types when ready
+        if (l.type != light::LightType::DIRECTIONAL) return;
 
-    // lightView = glm::lookAt(/*eye*/ -lightDir * distance, /*center*/ vec3(0), up)
+        glClearColor(0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 1.0f);
+        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
 
-    // glm::mat4 lightSpaceMatrix = lightProjection * lightView;
-    SwitchShader(&m_depthShader);
-    m_currentShader->setMat4("u_lightSpace", lightSpaceMatrix);
+        float near_plane = 0.1f, far_plane = 50.0f;
+        glm::vec3 target   = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
+        glm::mat4 lightView = glm::lookAt(t.position, target, glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+        glm::mat4 lightProjection = glm::ortho(-6.0f, 6.0f, -6.0f, 6.0f, 1.0f, 20.0f);
+        glm::mat4 lightSpaceMatrix = lightProjection * lightView;
 
-    // enable culling and render front faces to the shadow map
-    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
-    glCullFace(GL_FRONT);  // only for the depth pass
-    // or use polygon offset:
-    glEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL);
-    glPolygonOffset(2.0f, 4.0f);
+        m_depthShader.setMat4("u_lightSpace", lightSpaceMatrix);
+        l.lightSpace = lightSpaceMatrix;
 
-    glViewport(0, 0, SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT);
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_depth_fbo);
-        glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-        RenderScene(registry);
-    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+        glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
+        glViewport(0, 0, SHADOW_WIDTH, SHADOW_HEIGHT);
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, l.fbo);
+            glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+            RenderScene(registry, m_depthShader);
+        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+        glCullFace(GL_BACK);
+    }
 
-    // enable culling and render front faces to the shadow map
-    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
-    glCullFace(GL_BACK);  // only for the depth pass
-    // or use polygon offset:
-    glDisable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL);
-    glPolygonOffset(0.f, 1.f);
+    // actual rendering
 
     glViewport(0, 0, Window::GetWidth(), Window::GetHeight());
+
+    glClearColor(0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 0x18/255.0f, 1);
     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
     
-    SwitchShader(&m_shader);
+    m_shader.use();
 
-    ApplyLights(registry);
+    ApplyLights(registry, m_shader);
+    UpdateView(registry, m_shader);
 
-    UpdateView(registry);
-
-    m_currentShader->setMat4("u_lightSpace", lightSpaceMatrix);
-
-    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE31);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_depthMap);
-
-    RenderScene(registry);
+    RenderScene(registry, m_shader);
 }

src/shaders/pbr.fs

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 #version 410 core
 out vec4 FragColor;
 
-in vec3 vertexPos;
+in vec3 vertexPos;    // must be world-space position
 in vec3 vertexNormal;
 in vec2 TexCoords;
-in vec4 fragPosLightSpace;
 
 uniform vec3 viewPos;
 
 // Lights
 struct Light {
-    vec3 position;
+    int type;          // 0 = directional (shadowed), other = non-directional (no shadow)
+    vec3 position;     // for directional: encode light direction (see note)
     vec3 color;
     float intensity;
+    mat4 lightSpace;
+    sampler2D shadowMap;
 };
 #define MAX_LIGHTS 10
 uniform int lightsCount;
@@ -36,50 +38,53 @@ uniform bool useMetallicMap;
 uniform bool useRoughnessMap;
 uniform bool useAoMap;
 
-// Shadows
-uniform sampler2D shadowMap;
-
 uniform float opacity;
-// uniform int currentLight;
 
 #define PI 3.14159265359
 #define LIGHT_COLOR vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
 
-float ShadowCalculation(vec4 fragPosLightSpace, vec3 N, vec3 L)
+// -------------------------------------------------------------
+// Improved ShadowCalculation: returns [0,1] shadow factor (1 = fully in shadow)
+float ShadowCalculation(sampler2D shadowMap, mat4 lightSpace, vec3 N, vec3 L)
 {
-    // transform to [0,1]
+    // Transform fragment position to light's clip / NDC space
+    vec4 fragPosLightSpace = lightSpace * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0);
+
+    // perspective divide
     vec3 projCoords = fragPosLightSpace.xyz / fragPosLightSpace.w;
+    // to [0,1]
     projCoords = projCoords * 0.5 + 0.5;
 
-    // if outside light's orthographic frustum => not in shadow
-    if (projCoords.z > 1.0 || projCoords.x < 0.0 || projCoords.x > 1.0 || projCoords.y < 0.0 || projCoords.y > 1.0)
+    // if outside the light's orthographic frustum (xy outside or z > 1), consider unshadowed
+    if (projCoords.z > 1.0) {
         return 0.0;
+    }
+    if (projCoords.x < 0.0 || projCoords.x > 1.0 || projCoords.y < 0.0 || projCoords.y > 1.0) {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
 
-    // get depth from shadow map
-    float closestDepth = texture(shadowMap, projCoords.xy).r;
     float currentDepth = projCoords.z;
-
-    // bias to prevent self-shadowing (depend on slope)
+    // basic bias (slope-dependent)
     float bias = max(0.001 * (1.0 - dot(N, L)), 0.0005);
 
     // PCF (3x3)
     float shadow = 0.0;
     vec2 texelSize = 1.0 / textureSize(shadowMap, 0);
-    for(int x = -1; x <= 1; ++x)
-    {
-        for(int y = -1; y <= 1; ++y)
-        {
+    for (int x = -1; x <= 1; ++x) {
+        for (int y = -1; y <= 1; ++y) {
             float pcfDepth = texture(shadowMap, projCoords.xy + vec2(x, y) * texelSize).r;
-            shadow += (currentDepth - bias > pcfDepth ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+            shadow += (currentDepth - bias) > pcfDepth ? 1.0 : 0.0;
         }
     }
     shadow /= 9.0;
 
+    // clamp to [0,1]
+    shadow = clamp(shadow, 0.0, 1.0);
     return shadow;
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Helper functions (GGX, Fresnel, Geometry)
+// PBR helpers (unchanged)
 float DistributionGGX(vec3 N, vec3 H, float roughness)
 {
     float a      = roughness * roughness;
@@ -137,22 +142,33 @@ void main()
     vec3 F0 = mix(vec3(0.04), baseColor, metal);
 
     vec3 Lo = vec3(0.0);
-    // FragColor = vec4(1.0 - shadow, 1.0 - shadow, 1.0 - shadow, 1.0);
-    // return;
-
-    float shadow = 0.0;
 
     // Loop over all lights
     for (int i = 0; i < lightsCount; i++)
     {
-        vec3 L = normalize(lights[i].position - vertexPos);
+        // compute light vector L depending on type
+        vec3 L;
+        if (lights[i].type == 0) {
+            // directional light: convention here is that lights[i].position stores the direction
+            // *towards* the light (for example, for sun direction you may upload -sunDir).
+            // Adjust according to your CPU-side convention.
+            L = normalize(lights[i].position); // expect this to be a direction
+        } else {
+            // point / spot style light: position is world-space point
+            L = normalize(lights[i].position - vertexPos);
+        }
+
         vec3 H = normalize(V + L);
 
         float NDF = DistributionGGX(N, H, rough);
         float G   = GeometrySmith(N, V, L, rough);
         vec3  F   = fresnelSchlick(max(dot(H,V),0.0), F0);
 
-        shadow = ShadowCalculation(fragPosLightSpace, N, L);
+        // compute shadow only for directional (type==0) lights that have shadow maps
+        float shadow_i = 0.0;
+        if (lights[i].type == 0) {
+            shadow_i = ShadowCalculation(lights[i].shadowMap, lights[i].lightSpace, N, L);
+        }
 
         vec3 numerator = NDF * G * F;
         float denominator = 4.0 * max(dot(N,V),0.0) * max(dot(N,L),0.0) + 0.001;
@@ -165,14 +181,19 @@ void main()
         float NdotL = max(dot(N,L), 0.0);
 
         vec3 radiance = lights[i].color * lights[i].intensity;
-        Lo += (kD * baseColor / PI + specular) * radiance * NdotL;
+
+        // Apply shadow_i only to this light's contribution:
+        // when shadow_i == 1.0 -> this light contributes 0
+        // when shadow_i == 0.0 -> full contribution
+        vec3 contrib = (kD * baseColor / PI + specular) * radiance * NdotL * (1.0 - shadow_i);
+
+        Lo += contrib;
     }
 
-    // Ambient
+    // Ambient (unshadowed by design)
     vec3 ambient = vec3(0.03) * baseColor * aoValue;
 
-    // TODO: apply shadow
-    vec3 color = ambient + (1.0 - shadow) * Lo;
+    vec3 color = ambient + Lo;
 
     // HDR tonemapping + gamma
     color = color / (color + vec3(1.0));

src/shaders/simple.fs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-#version 410 core
-
-// Output color of the fragment (pixel)
-out vec4 FragColor;  // RGBA color for the fragment, where A is the alpha (opacity)
-
-in vec3 vertexPos;
-in vec3 vertexNormal;
-in vec2 TexCoords;
-
-uniform vec3 viewPos;
-
-// Lights
-struct Light {
-    vec3 position;
-    vec3 color;
-    float intensity;
-};
-
-#define MAX_LIGHTS 10
-uniform int lightsCount;
-uniform Light lights[MAX_LIGHTS];
-
-// From Object Renderer
-
-uniform vec3 ambientColor;
-uniform vec3 diffuseColor;
-uniform vec3 specularColor;
-
-uniform float ambientStrength;
-
-uniform float specularStrength;
-uniform float shininess;
-uniform bool useSpecular;
-
-uniform float opacity;
-
-uniform sampler2D diffuseTex;
-uniform bool useTexture;
-
-uniform bool isLight;
-
-void main()
-{
-    // Lighting vectors
-    vec3 norm = normalize(vertexNormal);
-    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - vertexPos);
-    // vec3 viewDir = normalize(-vertexPos);
-
-    vec3 ambient = ambientStrength * ambientColor;
-    vec3 texColor = (useTexture)
-        ? texture(diffuseTex, TexCoords).rgb
-        : diffuseColor;
-
-    vec3 result = ambient;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < lightsCount; i++) {
-        vec3 lightDir = normalize(lights[i].position - vertexPos);
-        vec3 halfDir = normalize(lightDir + viewDir);
-        
-        // Blinn Phong
-        float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
-        vec3 diffuse = diff * diffuseColor * lights[i].color * lights[i].intensity;
-
-        float spec = pow(max(dot(norm, halfDir), 0.0), clamp(shininess, 2.0, 256.0));
-        vec3 specular = (useSpecular) ?
-            specularStrength * spec * specularColor * lights[i].color * lights[i].intensity
-            : vec3(0.0);
-
-        result += (diffuse + specular);
-    }
-
-    result *= texColor;
-
-    if (isLight) {
-        vec3 emissive = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) * 10.0; // big intensity
-        FragColor = vec4(emissive, 1.0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    FragColor = vec4(result, opacity);
-}

src/shaders/simple.vs

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ out vec4 fragPosLightSpace;
 uniform mat4 u_model;       // Model matrix: transforms from local space to world space
 uniform mat4 u_view;        // View matrix: transforms from world space to camera space (view space)
 uniform mat4 u_projection;  // Projection matrix: transforms from camera space to clip space
-uniform mat4 u_lightSpace;
 
 void main()
 {
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ void main()
 
     TexCoords = texCoord;
 
-    fragPosLightSpace = u_lightSpace * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0);
+    // fragPosLightSpace = u_lightSpace * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0);
 
     gl_Position = u_projection * u_view * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0);
 }

src/window/window.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Window::Window(const char* title, int width, int height) {
 
     glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT);
     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
     glDebugMessageCallback(MessageCallback, nullptr);
 
     glViewport(0, 0, m_width, m_height);